Introduction

This publication TIC4.0 2022.004 contains the Semantics, Dataset Roadmap, Data Model and Definitions on the following topics

• Cycle: an update of the 2022.003 release. The terminal.gate.cycle is now included. With this definition, the most important cycles within a terminal have been defined: the highest level process terminal.cycle, the subprocesses terminal.berth.cycle, terminal.yard.cycle, terminals.gate.cycle, terminal.train.cycle, terminal.horizontaltransport.cycle and on the equipment level CHE.cycle.

• Carrier Visit: includes important definitions for processes from the perspective of a carrier visit: Arrival, TerminalOperations and Departure.

• Cargo Visit: includes important definitions to follow the process of the cargo on a terminal, such as Inbound and Outbound as well as unambiguous definitions related to the weight of cargo. With these definitions, the most important definitions for the “Cargo Visit” have been defined.

• Schema JSON to FLAT: very important work was done for anyone who really wants to implement TIC4.0. The JSON Schema is defined and clear instructions for a human to convert a dataset from a JSON format into a FLAT format are included. TIC4.0 developed and published an open-source software tool to automatically convert datasets from JSON to FLAT. The source code can be included in any program and is available via GitHub.

• Datamodel: The existing data models are updated reflecting the definitions of this release and the latest development around the TIC4.0 semantic.

This publication extends definitions of previous releases on the most important processes found in terminal operations: the Cargo Visit - which constitutes the sole purpose of terminals, the Carrier Visit - which constitutes the major link(s) to the cargo value chain and the Cycle - which is required to describe the processes of a terminal related to moving payloads.

With the Schema JSON to FLAT this publication provides the required step by step instructions (and an open-source conversion tool) to convert the data format from the JSON format to the FLAT format. This is important for the implementation of the semantics. TIC 4.0 uses the JSON format as default because it allows us to express a hierarchical structure and an array of subjects (for several subsubjects) or observed properties (for different combinations of timestamps, pom, pomt, names, etc). JSON is also the default file format for many protocols such as REST and MQTT extensively used to share data or publish IoT data. A flat format is more suitable for low-level implementation like PLCs or software code. JSON is better for sharing extensive messages. Both are valid in TIC 4.0 and for the implementation is very important to be able to automatically convert from one format to the other.

These definitions are part of TIC4.0’s ongoing work to develop a common vocabulary for the cargo handling industry and will be followed by future releases, as defined by the TIC4.0 Dataset Roadmap. The current list of definitions being worked on can be accessed on the digital platform of TIC4.0. This publication release provides the actual definitions and includes them in the TIC4.0 templates with the general approach on how to use these in Data Models, Data Schema's, JSON formats and provides high-level scenarios as examples.

1 TIC 4.0 scope

The purpose of TIC4.0 is to define a common language that can be represented in an understandable format, including data and information elements suitable for digitalization.

With the definitions and language, any reality (equipment or process) in a port terminal environment can be uniquely described. The vocabulary needs to work for any equipment, process and protocol (digital or human) in any port terminal in any location. The typical elements that make up the port terminal activities are cargo handling equipment (any kind of machine within the terminal that performs a job or task), external vehicles (trucks, vessels, trains), terminal infrastructure (berth, yard, gate), or auxiliary elements (energy, light, refuelling…).

For data-driven terminal operations the subject of standardization concerns the data and information elements linking the digital solutions to the physical equipment and hardware.

To achieve the above goal TIC4.0 has developed a Semantic set of rules based on human language which helps in the creation process of the definitions/vocabulary. The definitions/vocabulary can be considered as the building bricks and together with the TIC4.0 semantic rules, allow the user to define any reality in a specific, unambiguous way, irrespective of the level of technology used in a terminal.

The vocabulary is managed in a Dataset, which is basically a one-dimensional database list. This list is not static but will grow exponentially when TIC4.0 continues to work on more and more segments and areas of a terminal.

The work of TIC4.0 is to define the individual entries of the Dataset/Dictionary, focusing on a logical group or theme. In the Dataset/Dictionary the user can see the status of each entry and which entries are published and a link to the definition is provided.

To apply the words in each entry in several digital protocols, a Data Schema is needed. TIC 4.0 will propose Data Schema for each of the most common protocols, but the Data Schema can be used for any protocol. For the examples, TIC 4.0 usually uses JSON as it is very user friendly and easy to read.

2 Data Model

For the digital formatting of the semantic and Dataset we need a Data Model to structure the data and a Data Schema to define the details of the content such as the validity of the format, the type of data (boolean, entire, real etc.), which data is mandatory or could be omitted etc.

The Dataset has been defined based on the RDF https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework using the subject->predicate->object schema.

Following the semantic web standard (subject: object) the model has 3 main components: header, asset description and measurement.

SUBJECT creates the hierarchy tree structure (we have sub-subjects) that helps to identify the boundary of the value. The hierarchy is fixed by TIC4.0 for each kind of subject (CHE, TOS, Terminal) and can mix any type of subjects (e.g. machine.process = che.move). The subjects conform to an array defined by the (concept) metadata so various identical subjects but with different metadata (id or name or location or…) can be sent in the same message. (one message with several CHE's or one CHE with several spreaders).

The CONCEPT's metadata defines “what is” and the CONCEPT “what does”. Both are flat (no hierarchy, no arrays) and as many as necessary can be used. Additionally, two concepts can be combined with “and” or “or” creating a new concept which includes the condition that makes both true. For e.g. “hoisting_and_trolleying” that represents the action of hoisting and trolleying at the same time (both statuses must be true).

OBSERVED PROPERTies define the “magnitude” of the CONCEPT, are flat (no hierarchy) and can be used as many times as necessary with a CONCEPT.

For each OBSERVED PROPERTies an array created by the combination of the different POINT OF MEASUREMENTs in time (actual, estimated, etc), place (input, iinput, ioutput, output), timestamps and the different Units will give an array (a list) of VALUEs. The array could be as long as necessary in each message. The length will depend on the relation between the data frequency and the message frequency and also the amount of different POINT OF MEASUREMENTs that need to be represented.

A detailed definition of the Data Model can be found in https://tic40.atlassian.net/l/c/XBT1vEBA

The Data Schema will be provided as part of the 2022.004 release and it will define the rules that the Data Model will follow, and will allow the translation from a hierarchy format to a flat format.

The Dataset is the content of the Data Model, a flat version without hierarchy or rules. The Dataset is used by humans but machines need the Data Model and the Data Schema to translate it to a digital format.

3 Definitions

In this release we defined the following elements:

Cycle

Carrier Visit

Cargo Visit

Schema JSON to FLAT